The role of architecture in economic development
Architecture has always been an attraction, inspiration and a major part of economic development. For some, it’s a symbol of status and for others may be just a space to live in. For example a restaurant with a good location & beautiful architecture will always attracts the customer hence increases the economy whereas the same restaurant with bad location and not very impressive architecture will lead to a decrease in economy. If we examine the same relation in an urban scale, the relation will be the same like the city from where I belong had a lake with no maintenance and has poor development around but in recent years it has been developed into a public space with jogging pathways beautiful sitting areas because this place gets developed people started hanging out in this area which eventually started economic growth of the shops, restaurants and small food vendors.
It’s the architecture and landscape which played an important role in economic development of the city. Moreover it is not only attracts the local people living there but also to those who is visiting the city. On the other hand government also plays an important role in leading to such economic developments. In my city’s example, government earlier was avoiding these changes to take place but the present government is in favor of upliftment of the society, it is not just about upliftment of society it’s about taking decisions in such a way that it should increase the revenue of the people and eventually as a whole increase in the revenue of the city.
The main agenda of current government in my country is “Make in India” what does this means? It means create something is such a way that it should provide jobs for the people. There is a very effective example of this agenda that is restoration project of historical monument Humayun’s tomb in Delhi by Aga khan trust which took 6 years for completion.
It was not an easy task to work on this project as the society surrounding this structure was highly orthodox and hates to make any changes. The people there are jobless, illiterate and living in very poor condition. Gaining the trust of these people was not an easy task.
But the Aga khan team decided not just to restore the structure but to rejuvenate the whole society as if the society is not good then after few years there will again be a need to restore the structure. The detailing of the structure needed some high skilled labors, therefore they started educating the people and making them skill full as a labor and as craftsmen so as they can make use of them for the restoration and later they can generate economy through their skills. Now in the present scenario the society is more skill full and is selling their craft works, some are still working on the structure as a labor or as a guard or as a maintenance team. It is a major attraction for the tourist who is helping in the growth of economy, not only for government but also for those societies surrounding it.
The other agenda of current government in my country is “Increase revenue through tourism”. For this government has started restoring different historical monuments and also started planning new cities and started developing existing cities by introducing metros and other transportation systems inside- outside the cities which will help local people and tourist to travel more easily. The example of new planned city is “LAVASA” which is near Pune city.
This city is placed in the middle of the hills and it is stylistically based on the Italian town Portofino, with a street and several buildings bearing the name of that town. Why an inspiration from Italian town? Just to increase tourism, I have personally visited this town; it is still under construction the streets of the town are laid along the lake which further meets the river. The buildings are colorful and very Italian. The city majorly consists of villas, resorts and restaurants. Because of mountain area the climate here is rainy and colder as compare to cities like Mumbai and Pune. Tourist here comes for 2-3 days to enjoy the weekend, sightseeing, adventure sports, etc. There are no great structures but still it’s a big attraction for tourists why? It is not always about great structures which attract tourists it’s about how beautiful and different is the architecture as a whole. The project has brought employment and development to a neglected area. Hence it is justified through this example that architecture plays an important role in economic development. But this is the good part of the development but when you look from the other side the development of this town is creating a big impact on environment as it is established in the middle of forests. But still government gave the permission to build this town just to get an economic development. This is the bad side of economic development when we neglect the environmental damages which affect the future of mankind. Hence it is not always favorable to make an economic development by not considering the environmental impacts which may lead to a big downfall.
Delhi the capital city is one of the old metropolitan cities but still stands as a 25th in Asian tourism map why? Is it because of capital city or because of historical places or because of crazy shopping street or because of delicious food. It has all the factors listed above. The city is overloaded with food eaters, tourist’s places, streets for shopping, etc. the government is taking major steps on increasing tourism. The city not only has historical structures but also has modern structures like Indian habitat center, Iskcon temple, lotus temple, etc. The major economic growth is from tourism which also increases the revenue of restaurants, hotels, labors, shops, etc. The attraction comes from architecture which the Delhi city is fully embellished with. The maintenance of all the structures to make them beautiful gives job to local people. Delhi has a good transportation system with running metros, trains, taxis, city buses, local auto. The tourists here are majorly from the USA and the UK. Foreign tourists are most welcomed here. There are many festivals celebrated inside the city. Also, the Delhi being close to Taj Mahal, attracts tourists mostly to visit the Wonder of the world. However, transportation and the population density is a major drawback of the city from my personal experience.
Economics is affecting revenue generation of any city at macro level. Even underdeveloped countries can generate huge revenues through architectural development. However it is catch 22 situation where high financial supports are required to develop the city.
For Example Barcelona is earning huge revenues through tourism and the most attraction is the city planning and architectural points.
There has been a great push in the environmental sector, as buildings not only compete for aesthetic, but much emphasis is put on efficiency. California now has 130 LEED Platinum certified projects, twice as many as any other state, and twice as much as there were a year ago.
Planning of cities should not only aim at producing eye catching architectural spaces or objects, but also aim at environmentally sustainable buildings. The rate of architectural development demands sustainable structures that lasts through generations and keeps our planet greener.
Architectural development in any region does not depend on architects alone or the architectural structure. The performance of an architectural entity is an outcome of several analysis held through a multi-disciplinary approach. Therefore, architecture and economy grow together when it has a multi-disciplinary urban approach.
The role of architecture in economic development is a project of IaaC, Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia developed at Master in Advanced Architecture in 2015-2016 by:
Students: Viplav Goverdhan
Faculty: Gonzalo Delacámara