For centuries, architecture and architectural objects constitute not only the characteristic landscape elements of a particular region, but also are a reflection of the political, social and economic growth of the region. It not only reflects current state of a region, but it is an instrument that speaks of the process of creating the economic potential of a place. Most times, Architecture is considered to be a resolute field where architects and the clients become the decision makers. However, on an urban scale, Architecture demands multidisciplinary approach. This approach ensures that the design is feasible to the region and does not have an adverse effect on region it responds to. The behaviour of the space is related to the different dimensions of the regions, such as the culture, economy, society, geography and many more. Therefore it is important to consider the impact of architecture with respect to all these factors.
“I don’t want to protect the environment. I want to create an environment that doesn’t need protecting.”
While analyzing architecture as a tool to explore the economic potential of a region, few essential traits of architecture can be pointed out:
1.Architecture and tourism: Architecture can be utilized as a basic instrument to stimulate the tourism development ina particular region, thus having a very crucial impact on the region. It can create landmarks which make a region noted on the global map for its architectural masterpiece. There are 3 ways of doing this.
- By space branding– creating unique spaces which act as attractors for tourists. (Refer Fig. 1)
- Restoring the cultural and historic importance of a place– By considering to restore a building of some historical and cultural importance, most times economic impact is ignored. It is important to analyze the economic impact of restoring an old building and what would be the outcome of it.
- The duplication of the architectural piecesthat worked quite well in other locations – This would be a drawback as the authenticity of the architectural masterpiece is lost! For example, recreating the Eiffel Tower elsewhere might not attract the same number of tourists and might be a negative impact if the economy is not considered.
- Consumerism where architecture becomes a device of the behavioraleconomics: Creating commercial public places, shopping malls and shops with attractive interior decor creates a feeling of investing on luxury among consumers. Such a process planned as a marketing strategy has a significant effect on the demand and supply of goods and thus on the economy of a region. Experience Economy serves as a premise to make architects to be aware how to create places authentic in their expression, full of significance and attractive. In a society where life is determined by more and more intense consumption and shopping – a life lived in commercial spaces or defined mainly by items bought and used primarily to be consumed. Through consumption and the use of symbols, such as clothes, furniture, cultural and prosaic articles, we define ourselves, our identities and our position in society. As a result the public spaces have to be transformed into commercial spaces. However, the demand is forever escalating. But such an escalation would have an adverse impact of the built environment over a period of time, considering the amount of resources the space might be using with respect to the incoming revenue. Such an architectural piece would mean exhausting resources luxuriously and comfortably with the users having no awareness of the environmental impact.
- Corporate architecture:Corporate architecture is a phenomenon of exposing and expressing the basic marketing policy’s rules of a concrete firm or corporation to distinguish its image on the concurrence background thus to enhance its economic position on the market. Currently architecture plays a significant role in the complex process of building the firms’ corporate identities. So called “theme-objects” are constructed, usually owned by companies, where corporation’s branding history and development of the flagship products is presented (Fig. 2). Architecture of such buildings – through their original form – must be noticeable, explicitly identifiable with the particular brand and testify the high quality of the brand’s products. Corporate architecture performs the advertising role for the utilitarian products as if they were the exhibit items. The “theme-objects” become a part of the everyday culture parallel contribute to strengthen the loyalty programs addressed to current and future clients. Architecture plays the role of the economic instrument and explicitly influence the company profits. Companies and international firms as first ones appreciated the commercial potential of architecture. The perceiving of contemporary architecture changed radically. And branding nowadays plays the key-role in creating the global culture as well as by formulating people’s expectations and hopes in relation to themselves.
4, Sustainable Architecture: As our quickly globalizing, interdependent world moves further into the 21st Century, the themes of urban regeneration, environmental sustainability, and economic development are becoming more and more relevant every day. Our world faces environmental and social challenges at a scale that requires the attention of everyone?—?from individuals to nations to international organizations. As building and development professionals, we bear a particular responsibility?—?and have a unique opportunity?—?to lead the world in the search for long-term, practical solutions that take advantage of our existing urban assets in a sustainable, smart- It must be said at the outset that issues as complex and far-reaching as urban regeneration, environmental sustainability, and economic development are impacted first by choices made long before a project reaches an architect’s office. These are basic choices, like where a developer chooses to build. They are the choices a city government makes when it implements policies that encourage particular types of development. Most importantly, however, they are the choices a society makes about the ways it wants grow, and the legacy it wants to leave to future generations. To produce a sustainable project, an architect must be a part of a larger team committed to sustainable goals. It’s been said many times: great architecture requires great clients. But, the pace at which the development is happening, sustainable architecture demands the analysis of various experts such as the urban planners, architects, economists and environmentalists, etc,. A system can be wholly sustainable when it has no adverse effect on any part of the planet at large. For example, a house could be wholly sustainable in terms of energy, waste management. However, when the building is inhabited, if the inhabitant is using a car to travel to his work place, the sustainability of the house is nullified to some extent. “We do not inherit the world from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children”.
As we crawl into the 21st century, where many parts of the world is experiencing economic crisis, it is important to understand and accept that architecture is a strong visual and experiential tool to influence economy of a region. Architecture is beyond the artistic judgment. It is an integral part of a bigger system – an element of the process of economic development, technological progress and social changes. Architecture could evoke unpredictable changes and processes that only time could tell. However, through mapping and analyzing a proposal critically, architecture is an efficient tool to kindle a spark of economic growth. Investment in architecture could escalate the economy of a region and mark the place on a map through a building ( as in case of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao) or affect adversely and cause bankruptcy of the region ( as in case of the The City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia). According to French philosopher Henry Lefebvre1 urban environment is a result of current economical circumstances. The space does not simply exist, the space is subject to constant redefinition caused by continuous market conditions. “When architecture combines ecology, economy and social interest to help people and places to regain, selfsufficiency might become a catalyst for a cultural and economical transformation” (Anna Klingmann 2007).